{"id":264,"date":"2025-03-17T17:24:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T09:24:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asahiya.cn\/?p=264"},"modified":"2025-03-19T10:22:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T02:22:51","slug":"hcia-datacom-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e8%af%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asahiya.cn\/index.php\/2025\/03\/17\/hcia-datacom-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e8%af%be\/","title":{"rendered":"HCIA-Datacom\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u626b\u76f2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001OSI\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8054\uff1a\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1aapplicantion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff1apresentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff1asession<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1atransport&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;TCP\u3001UDP&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;segment(\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6bb5)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TCP\uff1a\u53ef\u9760&#8212;&#8212;\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8bae<br>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<br>    \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<br>    \u4f20\u8f93\u5b8c\u6bd5<br>\u56db\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7ec8\u7ed3\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\uff1aacknowledge\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4<br>Seq 0<br>Ack 0+1<br>Seq 1<br>Ack 1+1<br>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\u7d2f\u52a0\u786e\u8ba4<br>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u4f20(retransmistion)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\uff1acongestion avoidence:windows:\u6ed1\u7a97<br>1000&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&gt;<br>                        &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;100<br>100&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&gt;<br>                        &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-100<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TCP\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5ef6\u65f6\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u53ef\u9760<br>      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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1aTCP\u3001UDP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1aIP\u3001ARP\u3001ICMP\u3001DHCP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\uff1aEthernet\u3001PPP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>OSI\u6a21\u578b\uff1a7\u5c42\u6a21\u578b&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\u6dd8\u6c70\u3001IS-IS&#8230;&#8230;..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<br>\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<br>    \u8981\u4e48\u6709\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u65e0\u7535\u538b<br>    \u8981\u4e48\u6709\u6ce2\u5f62\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u65e0\u6ce2\u5f62<br>    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1<br><br>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236&#8212;->\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u52a0\u6cd5<br>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<br>11001100&#8211;1\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c8bit<br>1*128+1*64+0*32+0*16+1*8+1*4+0*2+0*1<br>\u6574\u7406\uff1a<br>128+64+8+4=204<br><br>\u5341\u8fdb\u5236&#8212;&#8212;>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u51cf\u6cd5\uff08\u77ed\u9664\u6cd5\uff09<br>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<br>233<br>133-128=5&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;>=0&#8212;&#8212;-1<br>5-64&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-0<br>5-32&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-0<br>5-16&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-0<br>5-8&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;0<br>5-4=1&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;>=0&#8212;&#8212;-1<br>1-2&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;0<br>1-1&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;1<br>133=10000101<br><br>\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a<br><br>1\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282=8bit\uff08octet\uff09\uff1a00000000<br>\u534a\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282=4bit(half)\uff1a0000 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